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chai2010
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="3.1" data-chapter-title="整型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book" data-level="3.1" data-chapter-title="整型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-01.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
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附録
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</a>
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="3.2" data-chapter-title="浮點數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book" data-level="3.2" data-chapter-title="浮點數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-02.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
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附録
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</a>
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="3.3" data-chapter-title="複數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book" data-level="3.3" data-chapter-title="複數" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-03.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
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附録
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</a>
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="3.4" data-chapter-title="布爾型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book" data-level="3.4" data-chapter-title="布爾型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-04.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
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附録
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</a>
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="3.5" data-chapter-title="字符串" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book" data-level="3.5" data-chapter-title="字符串" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-05.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
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附録
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</a>
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@@ -2030,7 +2030,6 @@
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fmt.Println(<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(s)) <span class="hljs-comment">// "12"</span>
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fmt.Println(s[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], s[<span class="hljs-number">7</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment">// "104 119" ('h' and 'w')</span>
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</code></pre>
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<p>Attempting to access a byte outside this range results in a panic:</p>
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<p>如果視圖訪問超齣字符串范圍的字節將會導致panic異常:</p>
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<pre><code class="lang-Go">c := s[<span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(s)] <span class="hljs-comment">// panic: index out of range</span>
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</code></pre>
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@@ -2093,10 +2092,10 @@ Usage:
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<p>我們可以將一個符文序列表示爲一個int32序列. 這種編碼方式叫UTF-32或UCS-4, 每個Unicode碼點都使用同樣的大小32bit來表示. 這種方式比較簡單統一, 它會浪費很多存儲空間, 因爲大數據計算機可讀的文本是ASCII字符, 本來每個ASCII字符隻需要8bit或1字節就能表示. 卽使是常用的字符也遠少於65,536個, 也就是説用16bit編碼方式就能表達常用字符. 但是, 還有更好的編碼方法嗎?</p>
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<h3 id="353-utf8">3.5.3. UTF-8</h3>
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<p>UTF8是一個將Unicode碼點編碼爲字節序列的變長編碼. UTF8編碼由Go語言之父 Ken Thompson 和 Rob Pike 共同發明, 現在已經是Unicode的標準. UTF8使用1到4個字節來表示每個Unicode碼點符號, ASCII部分字符隻使用1個字節, 常用字符部分使用2或3個字節. 每個符號編碼後第一個字節的高端bit位用於表示總共有多少個字節. 如果第一個字節的高端bit爲0, 則表示對應7bit的ASCII字符, 每個字符一個字節, 和傳統的ASCII編碼兼容. 如果第一個字節的高端bit是110, 則説明需要2個字節; 後續的每個高端bit都以10開頭. 更大的Unicode碼點也是采用類似的策略處理.</p>
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<pre><code>0xxxxxx runes 0-127 (ASCII)
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11xxxxx 10xxxxxx 128-2047 (values <128 unused)
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110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 2048-65535 (values <2048 unused)
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1110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 65536-0x10ffff (other values unused)
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<pre><code>0xxxxxxx runes 0-127 (ASCII)
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110xxxxx 10xxxxxx 128-2047 (values <128 unused)
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1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 2048-65535 (values <2048 unused)
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11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 65536-0x10ffff (other values unused)
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</code></pre><p>變長的編碼無法直接通過索引來訪問第n個字符, 但是UTF8穫得了很多額外的優點. 首先UTF8編碼比較緊湊, 兼容ASCII, 併且可以自動同步: 它可以通過向前迴朔最多2個字節就能確定當前字符編碼的開始字節的位置. 它也是一個前綴編碼, 所以當從左向右解碼時不會有任何歧義也併不需要向前査看. 沒有任何字符的編碼是其它字符編碼的子串, 或是其它編碼序列的字串, 因此蒐索一個字符時隻要蒐索它的字節編碼序列卽可, 不用擔心前後的上下文會對蒐索結果産生榦擾. 同時UTF8編碼的順序和Unicode碼點的順序一致, 因此可以直接排序UTF8編碼序列. 同業也沒有嵌入的NUL(0)字節, 可以很好地兼容那些使用NUL作爲字符串結尾的編程語言.</p>
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<p>Go的源文件采用UTF8編碼, 併且Go處理UTF8編碼的文本也很齣色. unicode 包提供了諸多處理 rune 字符相關功能的函數函數(區分字母和數組, 或者是字母的大寫和小寫轉換等), unicode/utf8 包了提供了rune 字符序列的UTF8編碼和解碼的功能.</p>
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<p>有很多Unicode字符很難直接從鍵盤輸入, 併且很多字符有着相似的結構; 有一些甚至是不可見的字符. Go字符串面值中的Unicode轉義字符讓我們可以通過Unicode碼點輸入特殊的字符. 有兩種形式, \uhhhh 對應16bit的碼點值, \Uhhhhhhhh 對應32bit的碼點值, 其中h是一個十六進製數字; 一般很少需要使用32bit的形式. 每一個對應碼點的UTF8編碼. 例如: 下面的字母串面值都表示相同的值:</p>
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="3.6" data-chapter-title="常量" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book" data-level="3.6" data-chapter-title="常量" data-filepath="ch3/ch3-06.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
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附録
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</a>
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@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
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<body>
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<div class="book" data-level="3" data-chapter-title="基礎數據類型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Mon Dec 21 2015 12:51:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book" data-level="3" data-chapter-title="基礎數據類型" data-filepath="ch3/ch3.md" data-basepath=".." data-revision="Thu Dec 24 2015 14:42:02 GMT+0800 (中国标准时间)">
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<div class="book-summary">
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@@ -1975,16 +1975,16 @@
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="errata.html">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="14" data-path="CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<a href="../errata.html">
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<a href="../CONTRIBUTORS.html">
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<i class="fa fa-check"></i>
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<b>14.</b>
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勘誤
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附録
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</a>
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